Bitter Kola, scientifically known as Garcinia kola, is a medium-sized, evergreen tree native to the tropical rainforests of Central and West Africa, prized for its edible, nut-like seeds and stems, leaves, and bark which are used in traditional medicine. The fruit is a rounded berry with yellow pulp containing brown, elliptically-shaped seeds that are chewed raw and have a sharp, bitter flavor that becomes sweetish with chewing. Bitter Kola contains compounds like flavonoids, which contribute to its potential therapeutic uses against inflammation, infections, and diabetes, as well as its traditional use as a stimulant, aphrodisiac, and for treating various other ailments.
Bitter kola is rich in essential nutrients, including the antioxidant vitamins C and E, and minerals such as calcium, potassium, and iron, which are vital for bone health, immune function, and oxygen transport. It also contains carbohydrates, proteins, and fiber. Additionally, bitter kola contains unique bioactive compounds, like garcinia and kolaviron, and other phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, which contribute to its bitterness and provide antioxidant and potential medicinal properties.
